Kolkata is known as the "cultural capital of India".West Bengal is also known for its enthusiasm for the sport of association football, as well as cricket, the national sport.A hotbed of the Indian independence movement through the early 20thcentury, Bengal was divided during India's independence in 1947 along religious lines into two separate entities: West Bengal, a state of India, and East Bengal, which later became Bangladesh.Between 19 the state was administered by the world's longest elected Communist government.In the 16thcentury, Mughal general Islam Khan conquered Bengal.Administration by governors appointed by the court of the Mughal Empire gave way to semi-independence under the Nawabs of Murshidabad, who nominally respected the sovereignty of the Mughals in Delhi.In 2011 the Government of West Bengal proposed a change in the official name of the state to Poschimbongo (Bengali: This is the native name of the state, literally meaning western Bengal in the native Bengali language.In August 2016 the West Bengal Legislative Assembly passed another resolution to change the name of West Bengal to "Bangla" in Hindi, "Bengal" in English, and "Bangla" in Bengali.
One of the earliest foreign references to Bengal is a mention by the Ancient Greeks around 100century BCE, consisting of the regions now comprising Bihar and Bengal.Ancient Bengal was the site of several major janapadas. The British East India Company cemented their hold on the region following the Battle of Plassey in 1757, and Calcutta served for many years as the capital of British India.The early and prolonged exposure to British administration resulted in an expansion of Western education, culminating in developments in science, institutional education, and social reforms in the region, including what became known as the Bengali Renaissance.Several independent Hindu states were established in Bengal during the Mughal period, including those of Pratapaditya of Jessore District and Raja Sitaram Ray of Bardhaman.The Koch dynasty in northern Bengal flourished during the 16th and 17thcentury.
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